Table of contents

• LX-Gram
• Authorship
• Acknowledgements
• Citation
• Implementation report
• License
• Release
• Contact us
• Why LX-Gram?
• References

LX-Gram

LX-Gram is a grammar for the computational processing of Portuguese. It is being developed under the following major design features:

• precision:
  it is a precision grammar delivering accurate, linguistically grounded information of natural language sentences
• deep processing:
  it is a grammar for deep linguistic processing in as much as besides information on the major syntactic dimensions of grammatical constituency and dependency, it delivers (and generates from) fully-fledged logical representation of the meaning of natural language sentences
• large-scale:
  it is planned not to leave out any sort of regular grammatical construction or phenomena.
• multi-purpose:
  it is intended to make available as much linguistic information as it can possible be made explicit by automatic means, given the current state of the art in language technology, with the goal of offering itself to support the largest possible range of language technology applications.
• technical features
  LX-Gram is developed under the grammatical framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard and Sag, 1987, 1994) and uses Minimal Recursion Semantics (Copestake et al., 2005) for the representation of meaning.
  The implementation of this grammar is undertaken with the grammar development environment Linguistic Knowledge Builder (Copestake, 2002). Its evaluation and regression testing is done via [incr tsdb()] (Oepen, 2001). It is also intended to be compatible with the PET parser (Callmeier, 2000).
  The LinGO Grammar Matrix, version 0.9 2 (Bender et al., 2002) was used as the initial code upon which to build LX-Gram.

Authorship

LX-Gram was developed and is maintained at University of Lisbon by the NLX-Natural Language and Speech Group of the Department of Informatics.

Acknowledgments

The research and development activities of LX-Gram were partially supported by FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, and by Instituto Camões, of the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affaires, under the research grant PLUS/PLP/50301/2003 for the project GramaXing. The former institution is also acknowledged for its partial support to the development of LX-Gram under the research grant PTDC/PLP/81157/2006 for the project SemanticShare.

The development of LX-Gram has been undertaken in the scope and with the support of the Delph-in international consortium.

Citation

When mentioning this grammar, this is the canonical reference to be used:

• Branco, António and Francisco Costa, 2010. A Deep Linguistic Processing Grammar for Portuguese. In Pardo et al. (eds.), Computational Processing of Portuguese, LNAI 6001, Springer, pp. 86–89.

Implementation report

Detailed documentation (stable version):

• Branco, António and Francisco Costa, 2008, A Computational Grammar for Deep Linguistic Processing of Portuguese: LX-Gram, version A.4.1, Technical Report, University of Lisbon, Department of Informatics.

Detailed documentation (development version):

• Costa, Francisco and António Branco, 2014, A Computational Grammar for Deep Linguistic Processing of Portuguese: LX-Gram, version 5, Technical Report, University of Lisbon, Department of Informatics.

License

To be licensed to use LXGram, send an email message to nlx@di.fc.ul.pt confirming that you accept this license.

Release

Stable version A.4.1: get it here.

Development version 5: get it here.

Contact us

Contact us using the following email address: 'nlx' concatenated with 'at' concatenated with 'di.fc.ul.pt'.

Why LX-Gram?

LX because LX is the "code" name Lisboners like to use to refer to their hometown.

References

Bender, E. M., Flickinger, D., and Oepen, S. 2002. The Grammar Matrix: An open-source starter-kit for the development of cross-linguistically consistent broad-coverage precision grammars. In Carroll, J., Oostdijk, N., and Sutcliffe, R., editors, Procedings of the Workshop on Grammar Engineering and Evaluation at the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 8--14, Taipei, Taiwan.

Callmeier, U. 2000. PET --- A platform for experimentation with eficient HPSG processing techniques. Natural Language Engineering, 6(1):99--108. (Special Issue on Efficient Processing with HPSG).

Copestake, A. 2002. Implementing Typed Feature Structure Grammars. CSLI Publications, Stanford.

Copestake, A., Flickinger, D., Sag, I. A., and Pollard, C. 2005. Minimal Recursion Semantics: An introduction. Journal of Research on Language and Computation, 3(2-3):281{332.

Oepen, S. 2001. [incr tsdb()] --- competence and performance laboratory. User manual. Technical report, Computational Linguistics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.

Pollard, C. and Sag, I. 1987. Information-Based Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 1. CSLI Publications, Stanford.

Pollard, C. and Sag, I. 1994. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Chicago University Press and CSLI Publications, Stanford.